" ITS, Surabaya " kata saya,
" oh, jurusan apa? ", tanyanya kembali,
" Metalurgi dan Material " jawab saya balik,
" oh material, anaknya Teknik Sipil kan ya? " tanyanya seolah-olah memahami betul,
" hah? " timpal saya balik keheranan, karena di kuliah saya sedikit sekali berhubungan dengan Teknik Sipil itu, jika yang di maksud " anaknya ", adalah salah satu cabang dari teknik tersebut.
" iya, teknik material yang biasa di toko bangunan itu kan? ", katanya menjawab ekspresi keheranan saya.
Percakapan tersebut, seringkali saya alami dari beberapa orang yang menanyakan tentang kuliah saya. Yang membuat saya lama-lama malas juga menjawab pertanyaan seperti "kuliah di jurusan apa ", kenapa? karena sebagian besar dari pertanyaan tersebut pada akhirnya malah membutuhkan penjelasan yang lebih dari saya untuk menjelaskan bidang studi yang saya pelajari.
Mungkin tidakklah salah bagi mereka yang merasa awam dengan bidang studi yang saya pelajari ini, karena mungkin mereka hanya familiar kepada bidang study seperti elektronika, mesin, sipil, informasi, komputer dan lainnya, tapi untuk teknik material dan metalurgi ?, mungkin harus mengernyitkan dahi sejenak untuk berpikir.
Oleh karena itu, saya ingin menjelaskan secara singkat saja, apa itu teknik material dan metalurgi, menurut sumber-sumber yang saya rekap.
Teknik metalurgi dan material merupakan salah satu cabang teknik yang sudah lama ada, dengan bertitik berat pada pengembangan proses desain dan manufaktur dari material.
Seorang Materials Engineer mengerti dan menguasai sifat dan cara pembuatan material yang ditemui sehari-hari. Mulai dari badan dan mesin mobil, badan pesawat, plastik kemasan, alat komunikasi, keramik insulator, filament x-ray yang terbuat dari metallic powder hingga material tercanggih yang ada saat ini seperti titanium dan fiber composites yang digunakan pada pesawat luar angkasa, ginjal buatan, body implants dan superkonduktor, itu semua merupakan gambaran pengembangan material dan teknik manufakturnya.
Bidang teknik metalurgi dan material berusaha mengembangkan dan meningkatkan karakteristik dari material - sejalan dengan pengetahuan tentang perilaku dari sifat-sifat material seperti kekuatan, ketangguhan, kekerasan , optik, ketahahanan korosi dan lain-lain.
Dengan pengetahuan dasar tetang sifat-sifat material maka penemuan dan pengembangan material-material baru beserta produk-produknya akan meningkatkan kemampuan dari material yang telah ada menuju material yang lebih kuat, aman dan tahan lama.
Kebutuhan tenaga Materials Engineer terus meningkat selama dua dasawarsa terakhir, pada lapangan pekerjaan yang sangat luas dan beragam.
Seorang Materials Engineer mengerti dan menguasai sifat dan cara pembuatan material yang ditemui sehari-hari. Mulai dari badan dan mesin mobil, badan pesawat, plastik kemasan, alat komunikasi, keramik insulator, filament x-ray yang terbuat dari metallic powder hingga material tercanggih yang ada saat ini seperti titanium dan fiber composites yang digunakan pada pesawat luar angkasa, ginjal buatan, body implants dan superkonduktor, itu semua merupakan gambaran pengembangan material dan teknik manufakturnya.
Bidang teknik metalurgi dan material berusaha mengembangkan dan meningkatkan karakteristik dari material - sejalan dengan pengetahuan tentang perilaku dari sifat-sifat material seperti kekuatan, ketangguhan, kekerasan , optik, ketahahanan korosi dan lain-lain.
Dengan pengetahuan dasar tetang sifat-sifat material maka penemuan dan pengembangan material-material baru beserta produk-produknya akan meningkatkan kemampuan dari material yang telah ada menuju material yang lebih kuat, aman dan tahan lama.
Kebutuhan tenaga Materials Engineer terus meningkat selama dua dasawarsa terakhir, pada lapangan pekerjaan yang sangat luas dan beragam.
Bicara soal prospek mungkin idealnya bisa di bagi menjadi 2, yaitu :
1. Prospek research
Tantangan terberat di bidang metalurgi adalah menemukan material baru utk applikasi new energy source spt fuel cell dan solar cell, begitu pula applikasi di bidang elektronik dan mesin. Selain itu, fokus penelitian bidang Metalurgi adalah optimasi proses pengolahan bahan mentah --> bahan baku --> bahan jadi. Optimasi ini mencakup lingkup efektivitas, efisiensi (energy tentu nya), automation, serta penurunan kadar CO2 dan bahan2 kimia yang berbahaya lainnya.
Nah, dari yang saya sebutkan di atas, tentu saja, ilmu metalurgi merupakan basic dari ilmu2 lainnya, semakin ilmu metalurgi berkembang, semakin banyak pula penemuan di bidang-bidang teknik lainnya.sepertipt contoh, jaman dulu media penyimpanan cuma memakai floppy disk tapi semenjak di kembangkan cabang ilmu metalurgi yang dinamakan surface material engineering digabung dengan laser technology maka kita kenal teknologi compact disc dan lainnya, belum lagi perkembangan nano material yang aplikasi nya sangat luas.
2. prospek Kerja
Kalo soal pekerjaan, jujur, saya sarankan kita serahkan ke Yang Maha Kuasa aja , maksud nya, di perkuliahan terutama di bidang teknik dan engineering, kita dituntut untuk berpikir logis dan efektif di bidang apapun, ketika kita dihadapkan kenyataan tentang mencari pekerjaan, lulusan engineering jelas mempunyai prospek ke bidang manapun (bahkan ke perbankan).
Ideal nya, lulusan Metalurgi bekerja di:
1. Perusahaan berbasis Material Science spt :
a. Pengolahan logam (besi dan baja )
b. Pengolahan bahan mentah
c. Industri otomotif
d. Industri komponen otomotif
e. Industri gelas, keramik dan polimer
2. Perusahaan Migas
3. Bank dan asuransi
- sebagai business analyst teruama yang berhubungan dengan life time sebuah produk yang berhubungan dengan material science.
Tantangan terberat di bidang metalurgi adalah menemukan material baru utk applikasi new energy source spt fuel cell dan solar cell, begitu pula applikasi di bidang elektronik dan mesin. Selain itu, fokus penelitian bidang Metalurgi adalah optimasi proses pengolahan bahan mentah --> bahan baku --> bahan jadi. Optimasi ini mencakup lingkup efektivitas, efisiensi (energy tentu nya), automation, serta penurunan kadar CO2 dan bahan2 kimia yang berbahaya lainnya.
Nah, dari yang saya sebutkan di atas, tentu saja, ilmu metalurgi merupakan basic dari ilmu2 lainnya, semakin ilmu metalurgi berkembang, semakin banyak pula penemuan di bidang-bidang teknik lainnya.sepertipt contoh, jaman dulu media penyimpanan cuma memakai floppy disk tapi semenjak di kembangkan cabang ilmu metalurgi yang dinamakan surface material engineering digabung dengan laser technology maka kita kenal teknologi compact disc dan lainnya, belum lagi perkembangan nano material yang aplikasi nya sangat luas.
2. prospek Kerja
Kalo soal pekerjaan, jujur, saya sarankan kita serahkan ke Yang Maha Kuasa aja , maksud nya, di perkuliahan terutama di bidang teknik dan engineering, kita dituntut untuk berpikir logis dan efektif di bidang apapun, ketika kita dihadapkan kenyataan tentang mencari pekerjaan, lulusan engineering jelas mempunyai prospek ke bidang manapun (bahkan ke perbankan).
Ideal nya, lulusan Metalurgi bekerja di:
1. Perusahaan berbasis Material Science spt :
a. Pengolahan logam (besi dan baja )
b. Pengolahan bahan mentah
c. Industri otomotif
d. Industri komponen otomotif
e. Industri gelas, keramik dan polimer
2. Perusahaan Migas
3. Bank dan asuransi
- sebagai business analyst teruama yang berhubungan dengan life time sebuah produk yang berhubungan dengan material science.
dan menenai alasan untuk mempelajari bidang studi ini, menurut http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci535/TopTenReasons.html , saya kutip.
Top Ten Reasons to Major in Materials Science
source: http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci535/TopTenReasons.html
1) Jobs in Semiconductors - Advancements in both memory and logic circuitry depend on new manufacturing processes, new materials and understanding of their response to temperature, mechanical stress, electric currents and impurities. Because such innovation is crucial to this highly competitive industry, many thousands of materials engineers and scientists are employed in areas such as R&D, manufacturing, quality & reliability assurance and failure analysis. Several semiconductor companies in Texas and the U.S. employ numerous Rice MSCI alumni.
2) Jobs in Oil & Gas - We depend on hydrocarbons for transportation; heating; manufacture of polymers, fertilizer & other chemicals; some electricity generation; etc. Due to gains in population and economic activity, the need for oil and gas is increasing while the amount available in the earth is diminishing as the fluids are extracted. This makes it especially challenging to find untapped reserves and extract them economically. Engineers and scientists can contribute by developing new materials and techniques for exploration, drilling, production and refining. Examples include metals and fabrication procedures for enormous offshore platforms; materials and mitigation procedures for corrosive, high temperature environments in pipelines & refineries; as well as wear resistant materials & designs for rock drilling and new transducers for exploration. Houston is world headquarters for the oil & gas business and the home of hundreds of companies which are primary producers or which provide needed products and services. Many employ Rice MEMS alumni.
3) Jobs in Aerospace - NASA, its subcontractors, and commercial airplane companies employ many materials engineers to develop and implement lighter, stronger materials for structural use (such as carbon fiber composites), more heat and oxidation-resistant materials for engines (such as single-crystal superalloy turbine blades), and advanced ceramic heat-resistant tiles for re-entry vehicles. This industry offers many challenging opportunities.
4) Biomaterials - Research, development and manufacturing of biocompatible materials and products such as: metallic, polymeric & ceramic replacements for joints and bones, polymers for use in artificial hearts, shape memory metals for stents, etc. This is a rapidly growing field and one that is relatively immune to the economic cycles that affect some other industries. Rice is involved in numerous projects with the Texas Medical Center, including both collaborative research and teaching programs.
5) Nanotechnology - lots of promise for the future including such diverse applications as better bulletproof vests, an elevator to outer space and a treatment for certain kinds of cancer. This is the best time to get started in this field, while it is growing rapidly and the possibilities are almost endless.
6) Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - MEMS are used in such diverse applications as video projection displays for the home and office, accelerometers for deploying car air bags and geophones for seismic prospecting. The manufacturing techniques and opportunities are similar in many ways to semiconductors. See item 1) above.
7) Positions in Consulting, Government Service and Academia - Many product liability issues result from a material failure of some kind. Numerous professional engineers are employed in carrying out the associated failure analysis work, reporting their findings and appearing as expert witnesses. This requires considerable training in the various fields of microscopy, microanalysis and materials testing, as covered in various MSCI courses. In addition, several Rice MSCI grads have found employment in various government agencies including the Naval Research Lab, Oak Ridge National Lab and Los Alamos National Lab. Others have assumed positions in teaching and research at various universities.
8) Jobs in Automotive & Heavy Equipment Industries - Each year in this country there are manufactured millions of cars, trucks, and machines for agriculture and construction. Many of these are quite costly. These machines are built from a wide variety of metallic, polymeric and other materials. Some of the parts are subject to very high temperatures, adhesive and abrasive wear, or corrosive chemicals and yet are expected to work reliably for many years. Numerous challenges and employment opportunities await the materials engineers employed in this field.
9) Jobs in Electric Power - working on problems of corrosion and wear in existing equipment and developing new production, storage and distribution methods. For example improved fuel cells for mobile applications, better methods of hydrogen storage in liquid or solid phase, superconductors for power cables, and also more efficient light sources.
10) Jobs in Disk Storage - Many of our normal daily activities produce digital data that must be kept for some length of time. Most of these data are stored on magnetic, optical or magneto-optical disk systems. The torrent of data is growing exponentially, along with the need for faster, denser storage media. Materials engineers can help develop those new media along with the transducers for reading and writing the data.
source: http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci535/TopTenReasons.html
1) Jobs in Semiconductors - Advancements in both memory and logic circuitry depend on new manufacturing processes, new materials and understanding of their response to temperature, mechanical stress, electric currents and impurities. Because such innovation is crucial to this highly competitive industry, many thousands of materials engineers and scientists are employed in areas such as R&D, manufacturing, quality & reliability assurance and failure analysis. Several semiconductor companies in Texas and the U.S. employ numerous Rice MSCI alumni.
2) Jobs in Oil & Gas - We depend on hydrocarbons for transportation; heating; manufacture of polymers, fertilizer & other chemicals; some electricity generation; etc. Due to gains in population and economic activity, the need for oil and gas is increasing while the amount available in the earth is diminishing as the fluids are extracted. This makes it especially challenging to find untapped reserves and extract them economically. Engineers and scientists can contribute by developing new materials and techniques for exploration, drilling, production and refining. Examples include metals and fabrication procedures for enormous offshore platforms; materials and mitigation procedures for corrosive, high temperature environments in pipelines & refineries; as well as wear resistant materials & designs for rock drilling and new transducers for exploration. Houston is world headquarters for the oil & gas business and the home of hundreds of companies which are primary producers or which provide needed products and services. Many employ Rice MEMS alumni.
3) Jobs in Aerospace - NASA, its subcontractors, and commercial airplane companies employ many materials engineers to develop and implement lighter, stronger materials for structural use (such as carbon fiber composites), more heat and oxidation-resistant materials for engines (such as single-crystal superalloy turbine blades), and advanced ceramic heat-resistant tiles for re-entry vehicles. This industry offers many challenging opportunities.
4) Biomaterials - Research, development and manufacturing of biocompatible materials and products such as: metallic, polymeric & ceramic replacements for joints and bones, polymers for use in artificial hearts, shape memory metals for stents, etc. This is a rapidly growing field and one that is relatively immune to the economic cycles that affect some other industries. Rice is involved in numerous projects with the Texas Medical Center, including both collaborative research and teaching programs.
5) Nanotechnology - lots of promise for the future including such diverse applications as better bulletproof vests, an elevator to outer space and a treatment for certain kinds of cancer. This is the best time to get started in this field, while it is growing rapidly and the possibilities are almost endless.
6) Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - MEMS are used in such diverse applications as video projection displays for the home and office, accelerometers for deploying car air bags and geophones for seismic prospecting. The manufacturing techniques and opportunities are similar in many ways to semiconductors. See item 1) above.
7) Positions in Consulting, Government Service and Academia - Many product liability issues result from a material failure of some kind. Numerous professional engineers are employed in carrying out the associated failure analysis work, reporting their findings and appearing as expert witnesses. This requires considerable training in the various fields of microscopy, microanalysis and materials testing, as covered in various MSCI courses. In addition, several Rice MSCI grads have found employment in various government agencies including the Naval Research Lab, Oak Ridge National Lab and Los Alamos National Lab. Others have assumed positions in teaching and research at various universities.
8) Jobs in Automotive & Heavy Equipment Industries - Each year in this country there are manufactured millions of cars, trucks, and machines for agriculture and construction. Many of these are quite costly. These machines are built from a wide variety of metallic, polymeric and other materials. Some of the parts are subject to very high temperatures, adhesive and abrasive wear, or corrosive chemicals and yet are expected to work reliably for many years. Numerous challenges and employment opportunities await the materials engineers employed in this field.
9) Jobs in Electric Power - working on problems of corrosion and wear in existing equipment and developing new production, storage and distribution methods. For example improved fuel cells for mobile applications, better methods of hydrogen storage in liquid or solid phase, superconductors for power cables, and also more efficient light sources.
10) Jobs in Disk Storage - Many of our normal daily activities produce digital data that must be kept for some length of time. Most of these data are stored on magnetic, optical or magneto-optical disk systems. The torrent of data is growing exponentially, along with the need for faster, denser storage media. Materials engineers can help develop those new media along with the transducers for reading and writing the data.
Nah,jadi dengan penjelasan secara singkat tersebut, paling tidak kita dapat mengetahui apa sebenarnya material dan metalurgi itu, dan tidak repot lagi mengernyitkan dahi untuk berpikir, dan saya tak perlu lagi mengolah kata untuk menjelaskannya kembali lagi,hehe.
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